Rochester, ANCIENT SEE of (Rofpa; ROFFENSIS), the oldest and smallest of all the suffragan sees of Canterbury, was founded by St. Augustine, Apostle of England, who in 604 consecrated St. Justus as its first bishop. It consisted roughly of the western part of Kent, separated from the rest of the county by the Medway, though the diocesan boundaries did not follow the river very closely. The cathedral, founded by King Ethelbert and dedicated to St. Andrew from whose monastery at Rome St. Augustine and St. Justus had come, was served by a college of secular priests and endowed with land near the city called Priestfield. It suffered much from the Mercians (676) and the Danes, but the city retained its importance, and after the Norman Conquest a new cathedral was begun by the Norman bishop Gundulf. This energetic prelate replaced the secular chaplains by Benedictine monks, translated the relics of St. Paulinus to a silver shrine which became a place of pilgrimage, obtained several royal grants of land, and proved an untiring benefactor to his cathedral city. Gundulf had built the nave and western front before his death; the western transept was added between 1179 and 1200, and the eastern transept during the reign of Henry III. The cathedral is small, being only 306 feet long, but its nave is the oldest in England and it has a fine Norman crypt. Besides the shrine of St. Paulinus, the cathedral contained ' the relics of St. Ithamar, the first Saxon to be consecrated to the episcopate, and St. William of Perth, who was held in popular veneration. In 1130 the cathedral was consecrated by the Archbishop of Canterbury assisted by thirteen bishops in the presence of Henry I, but the occasion was marred by a great fire which nearly destroyed the whole city and damaged the new cathedral. After the burial of St. William of Perth in 1201 the offerings at his tomb were so great, that by their means the choir was rebuilt and the central tower was added (1343), thus completing the cathedral. From the foundation of the see the archbishops of Canterbury had enjoyed the privilege of nominating the bishop, but Archbishop Theobald transferred the right to the Benedictine monks of the cathedral who exercised it for the first time in 1148.
'The following is the list of bishops with the date of their accession; but the succession from Tatnoth (844) to Siweard (1058) is obscure, and may be modified by fresh research:
St. Justus, 604
Radulphus a’ Escures,
Romanus, 624
1108 Vacancy, 625
Ernulf, 1115 St. Paulinus, 633
John of Canterbury, 1125
St. Ithamar, 644
John of Sées, 1137
Damianus, 655
Ascelin, 1142 Vacancy, 664
Walter, 1148 Putta, 666-9
Gualeran, 1182 Cwichelm, 676
Gilbert de Glanvill, 1185
Gebmund, 678
Benediet de Sansetun,
Tobias, 693-706
1215 Ealdwulf, 727
Henry Sandford, 1226
Dunno, 741
Richard de Wendover,
Eardwulf, 747
1235 (consecrated, Deora, 765-72
1238 Wermund I, 781-5
Lawrence de St. Martin,
Beornmod, 803-5 Tatnoth, 844
Walter de Merton, 1274
Beadunoth (possibly idenJohn de Bradfield, 1277 tical with Wermund II)
Thomas Inglethorp, 1283
Waermund II, 845-62
Thomas de Wouldham,
Cuthwulf, 860-8
1292 Swithwulf (date unknown)
Vacancy, 1317 Ceolmund, 897—904
Hamo de Hythe, 1319
Cynefrith (date unknown)
John de Sheppey, 1352
Burhric, 933 or 934
William of Whittlesea,
Beorhtsige (doubtful
1362 name)
Thomas Trilleck, 1364
Daniel, 951-5
Thomas Brinton, 1373
Aelfstan, c. 964
William de Bottisham,
Godwine I, 995
1389 Godwine II (date unJohn de Bottisham, 1400 known)
Richard Young, 1404
Siweard, 1058
John Kemp, 1419 (afterArnost, 1076 wards Cardinal) Gundulf, 1077
John Langdon, 1421
Thomas Brown, 1435
Bl. John Fisher, 1504
William Wells, 1437
(Cardinal) John Lowe, 1444
Schismatical bishops: Thomas Rotheram (or
John Hilsey, 1535
Scott), 1468
Richard Heath, 1539
John Alcock, 1472
Henry Holbeach, 1543
John Russell, 1476
Nicholas Ridley, 1547
Edmund Audley, 1480
John Poynet, 1550
Thomas Savage, 1492
John Seory, 1551
Richard Fitz James, 1496
Vacancy, 1552
The canonical line was restored by the appointment in 1554 of Maurice Griffith, the last Catholic bishop of Rochester, who died in 1558. The diocese was so small, consisting merely of part of Kent, that it needed only one archdeacon (Rochester) to supervise the 97 parishes. It was also the poorest diocese in England. The cathedral was dedicated to St.
Andrew the Apostle.
The arms of the see were argent, on a saltire gules an Escalop shell, or.
SHRUBSOLE AND DENNE, History and Antiquities of Rochester (London, 1772); WHARTON, Anglia Sacra (London,
1
691), pt. i, includes annals by DE HADENHAM (604-1307) and DE Dene (1314-50); Pearman, Rochester: Diocesan History (London, 1897); PALMER, Rochester: The Cathedral and See (London, 1897); HOPE, Architectural History of Cathedral in Kent Archeological Society, XXIII, XXIV (1898-1900); Erndlphus, Textus Roffensis, ed. HEARNE (London, 1720), reprinted in P. L., CLXIII; PEGGE, Account of Textus Roffensis (London, 1784) in NICHOLS, Bib. Topog. Brit. (London, 1790);
J. THORPE, Registrum Roffense (London, 1769); J. THORPE, JR., Custumale Roffense (London, 1788); WINKLE, Cathedral Churches of England and Wales (London, 1860); Farrparrns, Cathedrals of England and Wales (London, 1907); GODWIN, De praesulibus Anglie (London, 1743); Gams, Series Episcoporum (Ratisbon, 1873); SEARLE, Anglo-Saxon Bishops, Kings and Nobles (Cambridge, 1899).
Edwin Burton.