List of the Popes.—
(1) St. Peter, d. 67(?)
(2) St. Linus, 67-79(?)
(3) St. Anacletus I, 79-90(?)
(4) St. Clement I, 90-99(?)
(5) St. Evaristus, 99-107(?)
(6) St. Alexander I, 107-16(?)
(7) St. Sixtus (Xystus) I, 116-25(?)
(8) St. Telesphorus, 125-36(?)
(9) St. Hyginus, 136-40(?)
(10) St. Pius, 140-54(?)
(11) St. Anicetus, 154-65(?)
(12) St. Soter, 165-74
(13) St. Eleutherius, 174-89
(14) St. Victor, 189-98
(15) St. Zephyrinus, 198-217
(16) St. Callistus I, 217-22
(17) St. Urban I, 222-30
(18) St. Pontian, 230-35
(19) St. Anterus, 235-36
(20) St. Fabian, 236-50
(21) St. Cornelius, 251-53
Novatianus, 251-58(?)
(22) St. Lucius I, 253-54
(23) St. Stephen I, 254-57
(24) St. Sixtus (Xystus) II, 257-58
(25) St. Dionysius, 259-68
(26) St. Felix I, 269-74
(27) St. Eutychian, 275-83
(28) St. Caius, 283-96
(29) St. Marcellinus, 296-304
(30) St. Marcellus I, 308-09
(31) St. Eusebius, 309(310)
(32) St. Melchiades (Miltiades), 311-14
(33) St. Sylvester I, 314-35
(34) St. Marcus, 336
(35) St. Julius I, 337-52
(36) St. Liberius, 352-66
Felix II, 355-65
(37) Damasus I, 366-84
(38) St. Siricius, 384-98
(39) St. Anastasius I, 398-401
(40) St. Innocent I, 402-17
(41) St. Zosimus, 417-18
(42) St. Boniface I, 418-22
(43) St. Celestine I, 422-32
(44) St. Sixtus (Xystus) III, 432-40
(45) St. Leo I, 440-61
(46) St. Hilarius, 461-68
(47) St. Simplicius, 468-83
(48) St. Felix II (III), 483-92
(49) St. Gelasius I, 492-96
(50) St. Anastasius II, 496-98
(51) St. Symmachus, 498-514
(52) St. Hormisdas, 514-23
(53) St. John I, 523-26
(54) St. Felix III (IV), 526-30
(55) Boniface II, 530-32
(56) John II, 533-35
(57) St. Agapetus I, 535-36
(58) St. Silverius, 536-38(?)
(59) Vigilius, 538(?)-55
(60) Pelagius I, 556-61
(61) John III, 561-74
(62) Benedict I, 575-79
(63) Pelagius II, 579-90
(64) St. Gregory I, 590-604
(65) Sabinianus, 604-06
(66) Boniface III, 607
(67) St. Boniface IV, 608-15
(68) St. Deusdedit, 615-18
(69) Boniface V, 619-25
(70) Honorius I, 625-38
(71) Severinus, 638-40
(72) John IV, 640-2
(73) Theodore I, 642-49
(74) St. Martin I, 649-55
(75) St. Eugene I, 654-57
(76) St. Vitalian, 657-72
(77) Adeodatus, 672-76
(78) Donus, 676-78
(79) St. Agatho, 678-81
(80) St. Leo II, 682-83
(81) St. Benedict II, 684-85
(82) John V, 685-86
(83) Conon, 686-87
(84) St. Sergius I, 687-701
(85) John VI, 701-05
(86) John VII, 705-07
(87) Sisinnius, 708
(88) Constantine, 708-15
(89) St. Gregory II, 715-31
(90) St. Gregory III, 731-41
(91) St. Zacharias, 741-52
Stephen (II), 752
(92) Stephen II (III), 752-57
(93) St. Paul I, 757-67
Constantine, 767-68
(94) Stephen III (IV), 768-72
(95) Adrian I, 772-95
(96) St. Leo III, 795-816
(97) Stephen IV (V), 816-17
(98) St. Paschal I, 817-24
(99) Eugene II, 824-27
(100) Valentine, 827
(101) Gregory IV, 827-44
(102) Sergius II, 844-47
(103) St. Leo IV, 847-55
(104) Benedict III, 855-58
Anastasius, 855
(105) St. Nicholas I, 858-67
(106) Adrian II, 867-72
(107) John VIII, 872-82
(108) Marinus I (Martin II), 882-84
(109) Adrian III, 884-85
(110) Stephen V (VI), 885-91
(111) Formosus, 891-96
(112) Boniface VI, 896
(113) Stephen VI (VII), 896-97
(114) Romanus, 897
(115) Theodore II, 897
(116) John IX, 898-900
(117) Benedict IV, 900-03
(118) Leo V, 903
(119) Christopher, 903-04
(120) Sergius III, 904-11
(121) Anastasius III, 911-13
(122) Lando, 913-14
(123) John X, 914-28
(124) Leo VI, 928
(125) Stephen VII (VIII), 928-31
(126) John XI, 931-36
(127) Leo VII, 936-39
(128) Stephen VIII (IX), 939-42
(129) Marinus II (Martin III), 942-46
(130) Agapetus II, 946-55
(131) John XII, 955-64
(132) Leo VIII, 963-65
(133) Benedict V, 964
(134) John XIII, 965-72
(135) Benedict VI, 973-74
Boniface VII, 974
(136) Benedict VII, 974-83
(137) John XIV, 983-84
(138) Boniface VII, 984-85
(139) John XV, 985-96
(140) Gregory V, 996-99
John XVI, 997-98
(141) Silvester II, 999-1003
(142) John XVII, 1003
(143) John XVIII, 1003-09
(144) Sergius IV, 1009-12
(145) Benedict VIII, 1012-24
(146) John XIX, 1024-32
(147) Benedict IX (a), 1032-45
Silvester III, 1045
(148) Gregory VI, 1045-46
(149) Clement II, 1046-47
Benedict IX (b), 1047-48
(150) Damasus II, 1048
(151) St. Leo IX, 1049-54
(152) Victor II, 1055-57
(153) Stephen IX (X), 1057-58
(154) Benedict X, 1058-59
(155) Nicholas II, 1059-61
(156) Alexander II, 1061-73
Honorius II, 1061-64
(157) St. Gregory VII, 22 Apr., 1073-25 May, 1085
Clement III, 1084-1100
(158) Victor III, 9 May, 1087-16 Sept., 1087
(159) Urban II, 12 March, 1088-29 July, 1099
(160) Paschal II, 13 Aug., 1099-21 Jan., 1118
Sylvester IV, 1105-11
(161) Gelasius II, 24 Jan., 1118-28 Jan., 1119
Gregory VIII, 1118-21
(162) Callistus II, 2 Feb., 1119-13 Dec., 1124
(163) Honorius II, 15 Dec., 1124-13 Feb., 1130
Celestine II, 1124
(164) Innocent II, 14 Feb., 1130-24 Sept., 1143
Anacletus II, 1130-38
Victor IV, 1138
(165) Celestine II, 26 Sept., 1143-8 March, 1144
(166) Lucius II, 12 March, 1144 (cons.)-15 Feb., 1145
(167) Eugene III, 15 Feb., 1145-8 July, 1153
(168) Anastasius IV, 12 July, 1153 (cons.)-3 Dec., 1154
(169) Adrian IV, 4 Dec., 1154-1 Sept., 1159
(170) Alexander III, 7 Sept., 1159-30 Aug., 1181
Victor IV, 1159-64
Paschal III, 1164-68
Callistus III, 1168-78
Innocent III, 1179-80
(171) Lucius III, 1 Sept., 1181-25 Nov., 1185
(172) Urban III, 25 Nov., 1185-20 Oct., 1187
(173) Gregory VIII, 21 Oct.-17 Dec., 1187
(174) Clement III, 19 Dec., 1187-March, 1191
(175) Celestine III, 30 March, 1191-8 Jan., 1198
(176) Innocent III, 8 Jan., 1198-16 July, 1216
(177) Honorius III, 18 July, 1216-18 March, 1227
(178) Gregory IX, 19 March, 1227-22 Aug., 1241
(179) Celestine IV, 25 Oct.-10 Nov., 1241
(180) Innocent IV, 25 June, 1243-7 Dec., 1254
(181) Alexander IV, 12 Dec., 1254-25 May, 1261
(182) Urban IV, 29 Aug., 1261-2 Oct., 1264
(183) Clement IV, 5 Feb., 1265-29 Nov., 1268
(184) St. Gregory X, 1 Sept., 1271-10 Jan., 1276
(185) Innocent V, 21 Jan.-22 June, 1276
(186) Adrian V, 11 July-18 Aug., 1276
(187) John XXI, 8 Sept., 1276-20 May, 1277
(188) Nicholas III, 25 Nov., 1277-22 Aug., 1280
(189) Martin IV, 25 Feb., 1281-28 March, 1285
(190) Honorius IV, 2 Apr., 1285-3 Apr., 1287
(191) Nicholas IV, 22 Feb., 1288-4 Apr., 1292
(192) St. Celestine V, 5 July-13 Dec., 1294
(193) Boniface VIII, 24 Dec., 1294-11 Oct., 1303
(194) Benedict XI, 22 Oct., 1303-7 July, 1304
(195) Clement V, 5 June, 1305-20 Apr., 1314
(196) John XXII, 7 Aug., 1316-4 Dec., 1334
Nicholas V, 1328-30
(197) Benedict XII, 20 Dec., 1334-25 Apr., 1342
(198) Clement VI, 7 May, 1342-6 Dec., 1352
(199) Innocent VI, 18 Dec., 1352-12 Sept., 1362
(200) Urban V, 6 Nov., 1362 (cons.)-19 Dec., 1370
(201) Gregory XI, 30 Dec., 1370-27 March, 1378
(202) Urban VI, 8 Apr., 1378-15 Oct., 1389
Clement VII, 1378-94
(203) Boniface IX, 2 Nov., 1389-1 Oct., 1404
Benedict XIII, 1394-1424
(204) Innocent VII, 17 Oct., 1404-6 Nov., 1406
(205) Gregory XII, 30 Nov., 1406-4 July, 1415
(206) Alexander V, 26 June, 1409-3 May, 1410
(207) John XXIII, 17 May, 1410-29 May, 1415
(208) Martin V, 11 Nov., 1417-20 Feb., 1431
Clement VIII, 1424-29
Benedict XIV, 1424
(209) Eugene IV, 3 March, 1431-23 Feb., 1447
Felix V, 1439-49
(210) Nicholas V, 6 March, 1447-24 March, 1455
(211) Callistus III, 8 Apr., 1455-6 Aug., 1458
(212) Pius II, 19 Aug., 1458-15 Aug., 1464
(213) Paul II, 31 Aug., 1464-26 July, 1471
(214) Sixtus IV, 9 Aug., 1471-12 Aug., 1484
(215) Innocent VIII, 29 Aug., 1484-25 July, 1492
(216) Alexander VI, 11 Aug., 1492-18 Aug., 1503
(217) Pius III, 22 Sept.-18 Oct., 1503
(218) Julius II, 1 Nov., 1503-21 Feb., 1513
(219) Leo X, 11 March, 1513-1 Dec., 1521
(220) Adrian VI, 9 Jan., 1522-14 Sept., 1523
(221) Clement VII, 19 Nov., 1523-25 Sept., 1534
(222) Paul III, 13 Oct., 1534-10 Nov., 1549
(223) Julius III, 8 Feb., 1550-23 March, 1555
(224) Marcellus II, 9-30 Apr., 1555
(225) Paul IV, 23 May, 1555-18 Aug., 1559
(226) Pius IV, 25 Dec., 1559-9 Dec., 1565
(227) St. Pius V, 7 Jan., 1566-1 May, 1572
(228) Gregory XIII, 13 May, 1572-10 Apr., 1585
(229) Sixtus V, 24 Apr., 1585-27 Aug., 1590
(230) Urban VII, 15-27 Sept., 1590
(231) Gregory XIV, 5 Dec., 1590-15 Oct., 1591
(232) Innocent IX, 29 Oct.-30 Dec., 1591
(233) Clement VIII, 30 Jan., 1592-5 March, 1605
(234) Leo XI, 1-27 Apr., 1605
(235) Paul V, 16 May, 1605-28 Jan., 1621
(236) Gregory XV, 9 Feb., 1621-8 July, 1623
(237) Urban VIII, 6 Aug., 1623-29 July, 1644
(238) Innocent X, 15 Sept., 1644-7 Jan., 1655
(239) Alexander VII, 7 Apr., 1655-22 May, 1667
(240) Clement IX, 20 June, 1667-9 Dec., 1669
(241) Clement X, 29 Apr., 1670-22 July, 1676
(242) Innocent XI, 21 Sept., 1676-11 Aug., 1689
(243) Alexander VIII, 6 Oct., 1689-1 Feb., 1691
(244) Innocent XII, 12 July, 1691-27 Sept., 1700
(245) Clement XI, 23 Nov., 1700-19 March, 1721
(246) Innocent XIII, 8 May, 1721-7 March, 1724
(247) Benedict XIII, 29 May, 1724-21 Feb., 1730
(248) Clement XII, 12 July, 1730-6 Feb., 1740
(249) Benedict XIV, 17 Aug., 1740-3 May, 1758
(250) Clement XIII, 6 July, 1758-2 Feb., 1769
(251) Clement XIV, 19 May, 1769-22 Sept., 1774
(252) Pius VI, 15 Feb., 1775-29 Aug., 1799
(253) Pius VII, 14 March, 1800-20 Aug., 1823
(254) Leo XII, 28 Sept., 1823-10 Feb., 1829
(255) Pius VIII, 31 March, 1829-30 Nov., 1830
(256) Gregory XVI, 2 Feb., 1831-1 June, 1846
(257) Pius IX, 16 June, 1846-7 Feb., 1878
(258) Leo XIII, 20 Feb., 1878-20 July, 1903
(259) Pius X, 4 Aug., 1903- 273 POPE Bibl. Maxima Pontificia (21 vols., Rome, 1695-99); RoskovAny, Romanus Pontifex tanquam Primas Ecclesie et princeps civilis e Monument. omnium saeculorum demonstratus (16 vols., Neutra, 1867-79). The collection of Rocabebti embraces the works of more than a hundred authors (from the ninth to the seventeenth century) on the primacy. RosKovAny’s work is a collection of documents dealing with the primacy, the civil principality, infallibility, the Vatican Council, etc. valuable feature of the work is a vast bibliography of books and pamphlets treating of the subject from the earliest times up to the date of publication, with useful appreciations of many of the works mentioned. BELLARMINE, De Summo Pontifice in Controversie, I (Ingolstadt, 1601); Bauterini, De primatu romani pontificis in Miann, Thesaurus, III, 906; Palmieri, De romano pontifice (Rome, 1877); Passaarta, De prerogativis b. Petri apostolorum principis (Ratisbon, 1850); HrrcEnrorHer, Catholic Church and Christian State (London, 1876). On the primacy in the primitive Church: Rrvineron, The Primitive Church and the See of Peter (London, 1894); Ippm, The Roman Primacy 430-451 (London, 1899); Cuapman, Bishop Gore and the Catholic Claims (London, 1905), vi-vii.
On the right of the pope to receive appeals: Lupus, Divinum et immutabile S. Petri circa omnium sub celo fidelium ad Romanam ejus Cathedram Appellationes in Opera, VIII (Venice, 1726); ALEXANDER Natauis, Hist. eccl., sec. IV, dissertatio xxviii: De Jure Appellationum; Ballerini, Annotationes in Dissert., V.Quesnellit in Miann, P. L., LV, 534; HerereLucuerca, Hist. des conciles, I (2), p. 759 sq. (Paris, 1907). On the primacy of honour: Puritirps, Kirchenrecht (Ratisbon, 1854); Hinscurus, System des kathol. Kirchenrechts (Berlin, 1869). On papal elections: Puituips, op. cit.; HInscurus, op. cit.; Tuomassin, Vetus et nova ecclesie disciplina (Lyons, 1706); Scuerrer-Borcuorst, Die Neuordnung der Papstwahl durch Nicolaus II (Strasburg, 1879). On the chronology of the popes: Duchesne, Liber pontif. (Paris, 1892); Gams, Series episcoporum (Ratisbon, 1873).
G. H. Joyce.