Abbreviations, Ecclesiastical.—The words most commonly abbreviated at all times are proper names, titles (official or customary), of persons or corporations, and words of frequent occurrence. A good list of those used in Roman Republican and early Imperial times may be seen in Egbert’s “Latin Inscriptions” (New York, 1896), 417-459. The Jewish scribes and Talmudic scholars also had frequent recourse to Abbreviations.
Between the seventh and ninth centuries the ancient Roman system of Abbreviations gave way to a more difficult one that gradually grew up in the monastic houses and in the chanceries of the new Teutonic kingdoms. Merovingian, Lombard, and Anglo-Saxon scripts offer each their own Abbreviations, not to speak of the unique scotica manus or libri scottice scripti (Irish hand, or books written in the medieval Irish hand). Eventually such productive centres of technical manuscripts as the Papal Chancery, the theological schools of Paris and Oxford, and the civil-law school of Bologna set the standards of Abbreviations for all Europe. The medieval manuscripts abound in Abbreviations, owing in part to the abandonment of the uncial, or quasi-uncial, and the almost universal use of the cursive, hand. The medieval writer inherited a few from Christian antiquity; others he invented or adapted, in order to save time and parchment. They are found especially in manuscripts of scholastic theology and canon law, annals and chronicles, the Roman law, and in administrative documents, civil and ecclesiastical (charters, privileges, bulls, rescripts). They multiplied with time, and were never so numerous as on the eve of the discovery of printing; many of the early printed books offer this peculiarity, together with other characteristics of the manuscript page. The development of printing brought about the abandonment of many Abbreviations, while it suggested and introduced new ones—a process also favoured by the growth of ecclesiastical legislation, the creation of new offices, etc. There was less medieval abbreviation in the text of books much used on public occasions, e. g. missals, antiphonaries, bibles; in one way or another the needs of students seem to have been the chief cause of the majority of medieval Abbreviations. The means of abbreviation were usually full points or dots (mostly in Roman antiquity), the semicolon (eventually conventionalized), lines (horizontal, perpendicular, oblong, wavy curves, and commas). Vowel-sounds were frequently written not after, but over, the consonants. Certain letters, like p and q, that occur with extreme frequency, e. g. in prepositions and terminations, became the source of many peculiar abbreviations; similarly, frequently recurring words like et (and), est (is).
Habit and convenience are to-day the principal motives for using abbreviations. Most of those in actual use fall under one or other of the following heads: I. Administrative; II. Liturgical; III. Scholastic; IV. Chronological.
I. The first class of Abbreviations includes those used in the composition of Pontifical documents. They were once very numerous, and lists of them may be seen in the works quoted below (e. g. Quantin, Prou). It may be well to state at once that since 29 December, 1878, by order of Leo XIII, the great papal documents (Littere Apostolica) are no longer written in the old Gothic hand known as bollatico; all Abbreviations, with the exception of a few obvious ones, like S.R.E., were abolished by the same authority (Acta S. Sedis, XI, 465-467). In the transaction of ordinary business the Roman Congregations are wont to use certain brief and pithy formulas (e. g. Negative=“No”; Negative et amplius =“No with emphasis”). They are not, correctly speaking, Abbreviations. For a list of these see Canon Law. This class includes also the abbreviations for the names of most sees. The full Latin titles of all existing (Latin) dioceses may seen in the Roman annual, “Gerarchia Cattolica;” a complete list of the Latin names of all known dioceses (extant or extinct) is found in the large folio work of the Comte de Mas Latrie, “Trésor de chronologie, d’histoire et de géographie” (Paris, 1884). For the same purpose the reader may also consult the episcopal catalogues of the Benedictine Gams, “Series Episcoporum Ecclesie Catholicae” (Ratisbon, 1873-86), and the Franciscan Conrad Eubel, “ Hierarchia Catholica Medii vi” (Miinster, 1898-1902). Under this general heading may be included all abbreviated forms of addresses in ordinary intercourse, whether of individuals or of members of religious orders, congregations, institutes, to which may be added the forms of addresses usual for members of Catholic lay societies and the Papal orders of merit. (See CATHOLIC SOCIETIES, ORDERS OF MERIT.) The Abbreviations of the titles of Roman Congregations, and of the individual canonical ecclesiastical authorities, belong also to this class. II. A second class of Abbreviations includes those used in the description of liturgical acts or the directions for their performance, e. g. the Holy Mass, the Divine Office (Breviary), the ecclesiastical devotions, etc. In the following list the Breviary Abbreviations are marked: Br. Here may also be classed the abbreviated forms for the name of God, Jesus Christ, and the Holy Ghost; also for the names of the Blessed Virgin, the saints, etc.; likewise Abbreviations used in the administration of the Sacraments, mortuary epitaphs, etc. (to which class belong the numerous Catacomb inscriptions); finally some miscellaneous Abbreviations like those used in the publication of documents concerning beatification and canonization. III. In the third class belong scholastic Abbreviations, used to designate honorific titles acquired in the schools, to avoid the repetition of lengthy titles of books and reviews, or to facilitate reference to ecclesiastical and civil legislation. IV. In the fourth class of Abbreviations belong all such as are used to describe the elements of the year, civil or ecclesiastical.
ABBREVIATIONS USED IN APOSTOLIC RESCRIPTS. Absoluo. Absolutio—Absolution. Alr. Aliter—Otherwise. Aplica. Apostolica—A Apostolic. Appatis. Approbatis—Having been approved. Archiepus. Archiepiscopus—Archbishop. Aucte. Auctoritate—By the Authority. Canice. Canonice—Canonically. Card. Cardinalis—Cardinal. Cens. Censuris—Censures (abl. or dat.
case).
Circumpeone. Circumspectione—Circumspection
(abl. case). Coione. Communione—Communion (abl.
case).
Confeone. Confessione—Confession (abl. case). Consciz. Conscientizx—Of [or to] conscience. Const Constitutionibus—Constitutions (abl.
or dat. case).
Discreoni. Discretioni—To the Discretion. Dispensao. Dispensatio—Dispensation. Dnus. Dominus—Lord, Sir, or Mr. Eccl. Ecclesie—Of [or to] the Church Ecclis. Ecclesiasticis—Ecclesiastical. Effum. Effectum—Effect. Epus. Episcopus—Bishop. Excoe.
Excommunicatione—Excommunication (abl. case).
Exit.
Existit—Exists.
Fr.
Frater—Brother.
Frum.
Fratrum—Of the Brothers.
Gnalis.
Generalis—General.
Humil.
Humiliter—Humbly.
Humoi.
Hujusmodi—Of this kind.
Igr.
Igitur—Therefore.
Infraptum.
Infrascriptum—Written below.
Intropta.
Introscripta—Written within.
Irregulte.
Trregularitate—Itregularity
(abl.
case).
Licentia—License.
Legitima—Lawful.
Litteree—Letters.
Licite—Lawfully, or licitly.
Magistro—Master (dat. or abl.
case).
Mir.
Misericorditer—Mercifully.
Miraone.
Miseratione—Pity (abl. case).
Mrimonium.
Matrimonium—Matrimony.
Nultus.
Nullatenus—Nowise.
Ordinaoni.
Ordinationi—Ordination (dat. case).
Ordio.
Ordinario—Ordinary (dat. or abl.
case). .
Pbr.
Presbyter—Priest.
Penia.
Pcenitentia—Penance, or
repentance.
Peniaria.
Peenitentiaria—Penitentiary (i. e.
Bureau of the Apostolic Penitentiary).
Pntium.
Presentium—Of those present, or,
Of this present writing. Poe.
Posse—To be able, or, The ability to
do a thing.
Pontus.
Pontificatus—Pontificate.
PP
Papa—Pope.
Pr
Pater—Father.
Pror:
Procurator. Ptur.
Prefertur—Is preferred, or, Is
brought forward.
Ptus.
Prefatus—Aforesaid.
Qd.
Quod—Because, That, or, Which.
Qmlbt.
Quomodolibet—In any manner
whatsoever.
Qtnus.
Quatenus—In so far as.
Relione.
Religione—Religion, or,
Religious
Order (abl. case).
Rlari.
Regulari—Regular.
Roma.
Romana—Roman.
Salri.
Salutari—Salutary.
Snia.
Sententia—Opinion.
Snte. t
Sanctze—Holy, or, Saints (feminine).
Stee. Spealer.
Specialiter—Specially.
Spualibus
Spiritualibus—In spiritual matters.
Supplioni.
Supplicationibus—Supplication (dat.
or abl. case).
Theologia—Theology.
Tituli—Titles.
Tantum—So much, or, Only.
Tamen—Nevertheless.
Venerabili—Venerable.
Vestre—Your.
ABBREVIATIONS IN GENERAL USE, CHIEFLY ECCLESIASTICAL,
Ae.
Artium Baccalaureus—Bachelor of
Arts.
Abbas—Abbot.
ae,
p. Archbishop. Abs.
Absens—A bsent.
JNAOF
Auditor Camerae—Auditor of the
Papal Treasury.
AGG
Ante Christum—Before Christ.
A.C.N.
Ante Christum Natum—Before the
Birth of Christ.
IXee ID):
Anno Domini—Year of Our Lord.
arene
ante diem—The day before. Adm. Rev.
Admodum Reverendus—Very Reverend.
Adventus—Advent.
Albus—White (Br.).
alii, alibi, alias—others, elsewhere,
otherwise.
Anno Mundi—Year of the World.
Artium Magister—Master of Arts.
Ad Majorem Dei Gloriam—For the
greater glory of God.
Annus— Year.
Anni—Years.
Antiphon.
Apostolus—A postle.
Apostolica Sedes—Apostolic See.
Ap. Sed. Leg.
Apostolice Sedis Legatus—Legate of
the Apostolic See.
Archiep.
Archiepiscopus—Archbishop.
Archid.
Archidiaconus—Archdeacon.
Archiprb.
Archipresbyter—Archpriest.
Ihe ate IS)
Anno Reparate Salutis—In the
year of Our Redemption.
Alma Urbs—Beloved City (Rome).
Authentica—Authentic (e. g. letters).
Auxilium, Auxilio—Help, With the
help of.
Baccalaureus Artium—Bachelor of
Arts.
Beatus, Beati—Blessed.
Before Christ.
Bacealaureus Civilis [or Canonicae]
Legis—Bachelor of Civil [or Canon]
Law.
Bachelor of Divinity.
Bona Fide—In Good Faith.
Benedictio—Blessing.
Benevolentia—Benevolence.
Bon Memorise—Of Happy Memory.
Beatissime Pater—Most Holy Father.
Brother.
Baccalaureus Scientiarum—Bachelor
of Sciences.
Baccalaureus Utriusque Juris—
Bachelor of Both Laws (civil and
canon).
Baccalaureus Theologiae—Bachelor
of Theology.
1B}, Wie
Beatitudo Vestra—Your Holiness.
13 Wi
Beata Virgo—Blessed Virgin.
18 Woo WE
Beata Virgo Maria—Blessed Virgin
Mary. Cam.
Camera (Papal Treasury).
Cam. Ap.
Camera Apostolica—A Apostolic Camera (Papal Treasury).
Canonicus.
Cancellarius—Chancellor.
Cap.
Capitulum—Little Chapter (Br).
Cap. de seq.
Capitulum de Sequenti—Little chapter of the following feast (Br.). Capel.
Capella—Chapel.
Caus.
Causa—Cause.
C2C:
Curatus—Curate (used
chiefly in
Ireland).
CCRNIVE
Clarissimi Viri—Illustrious Men.
Cen. Eccl.
Censura Ecclesiastica—Ecclesiastical Censure. Cla.
Clausula—Clause.
Cl., Clico.
Clericus, Clerico—Cleric.
Clun.
Cluniacenses—Monks of Cluny.
Cc. M.
Causa Mortis—On occasion of death.
Cod.
Codex—Manuscript.
Cog. Leg.
Cognatio Legalis—Legal Cognation.
Cog. Spir.
Cognatio Spiritualis—Spiritual Cognation.
Coll. Cone.
Collectio Conciliorum—Collection of
the Councils.
Comm. Prec.
Commemoratio Praecedentis—Commemoration of the preceding feast
Bra):
Comm. Seq.
Commemoratio Sequentis—Commemoration of the following feast
Bre
Compl.
Completorium—Compline
(Br.). Con.
Contra—against. Cone.
Concilium—Council.
Cont.
Confessor. Conf. Doct.
Confessor et Doctor (Br.)
Conf. Pont.
Confessor Pontifex—Confessor and
Bishop (Br.).
Cons.
Consecratio—Consecration.
Consecr.
Consecratus—Consecrated.
Const. Ap.
Constitutio Apostolica—Apostolie
Constitution.
Credo—Creed (Br.).
Dominus—Lord.
dies—day.
Doctor Civilis [or Canonic] Legis—
Doctor of Civil [or Canon] Law.
Doctores— Doctors.
Donum dedit; Dedicavit—Gave,
dedicated.
Doctor Divinitatis—Doctor of Divinity (i. e. Theology).
Decanus—Dean.
Defunctus— Deceased.
Dei Gratia—By the Grace of God.
Dominus Noster—Our Lord.
Dominus Noster Jesus Christus—
Our Lord Jesus Christ.
Dominus—Lord.
Doctor (Br.).
Dominica—Sunday.
Deo Optimo Maximo—To God, the
Best and Greatest.
Doxologia—Doxology (Br.).
Decanus Ruralis—Rural Dean.
Deus—God.
Doctor Scientiarum—Doctor of
Sciences.
Deo Volente—God willing.
Dupl.
Duplex—Double feast (Br.).
Dupl. Maj.
eed Major—Double Major feast
(Br.)
Dupl. I. Cl.
Duplex Primae Classis—Double First
Class feast (Br.).
Dupl. II. Cl.
Duplex Secundae Classis—Double
Second Class feast (Br.).
Ecclesiasticus—Ecclesiastic.
Ecclesia—The Church.
Electio, Electus—Election, Elect.
Eminentissimus—Most Eminent.
Episcopus— Bishop.
Etiam—Also, Even.
Evangelium—Gospel (Br.).
Extra—Outside of.
Excommunicatus, Excommunicatio
—Excommunicated, Excommunication,
Fel. Mem.
Felicis Memorie—Of Happy Memory.
Fel. Rec.
Felicis Recordationis—Of Happy
Memory. Fer.
Feria—Weekday.
Ein, Bt.
Frater, Frére—Brother.
Fund.
Fundatio—Foundation.
Generalis—General. Gloria—Glory to God, etc. Gratia—Grace. Gradus—Grade. Gratias—Thanks; or Gratis—Without expense.
Hebdomada—Week. Homilia—Homily (Br.). hora—hour. Jesus—first and third letters of His
name in Greek.
Idus—Ides. Igitur—Therefore. (1)Jesus Hominum Salvator (usual
interpretation), Jesus Saviour of
Men. Really a faulty Latin transliteration of the first three letters.
of JESUS in Greek (IHS for IHC).. Indictio—Indiction.
Index. Inquisitio—Inquisition. in partibus infidelium—among the
infidels.
Idus Jesus Christus—Jesus Christ. Juris Canonici Doctor; Juris Civilis:
Doctor—Doctor of Canon Law or
of Civil Law.
Juris Doctor—Doctor of Law. Jesus, Maria, Joseph—Jesus, Mary,
Joseph.
Joannes—John. Juris Utriusque Doctor—Doctor of
Both Laws (Sc. Civil and
Canon).
Judicium—Judgment. Juris Utriusque Licentiatus—Licen-- tiate of Both Laws.
Juris—Of Law. Kal—Calends. Laicus—Layman. Laudes—Lauds (Br.). Legis Civilis Doctor—Doctor of Civil.
Law.
]. c.; loc. cit. loco citato—at the place already
cited.
Lect. Lectio—Lesson. Legit. Legitime, Legitimus—Legally, legitimate.
iby 150, 15). Litterarum Humaniorum Doctor—
Doctor of Literature.
Lib., Lo. Liber, Libro—Book, In the book. Lic. Licentia, Licentiatus—License, Licentiate.
Litt. Littera—Letter. LL. B. Legum Baccalaureus—Bachelor of
Laws.
LL. D. Legum Doctor—Doctor of Laws. LL. M. Legum Magister—Master of Laws. Locus—Place. Lovanium—Louvain. Lovanienses—Theologians of Louvain.
Loco Sigilli—Place of the Seal. Ludovicus. Maria—Mary. Magister Artium—Master of Arts. Magister—Master.
Mandamus—We command. Mand. Ap. Mandatum Apostolicum—A Apostolic¢
Mandate, e. g. for a bishop’s consecration.
Mart., M., MM. Martyr, Martyres—Martyr, Mar—
tyrs (Br.).
Mat. Matutinum—Matins (Br.). Matr. Matrimonum—Marriage. Mgr. Monseigneur, Monsignore—My Lord. Missa, Missionarius—Mass (Br.);
Missionary.
Missionarius Apostolicus—Missionary Apostolic. Missicnarius Rector—Missionary
Rector.
mutatur terminatio versiculi—the
termination of the little verse is
changed (Br.).
Nativitas Domini Nostri Jesu Christi
—Nativity of Our Lord Jesus
Christ.
Nostra Domina, Notre Dame—Our
Lady.
Niger—Black (Br.). Nobis—to us, for us. Nobilis, Nobiles—Noble, Nobles. Nocturnum—Nocturn. Non—Nones. Noster, nostri—Our, of our. Notitia—Knowledge. Notre Seigneur, Nostro Signore—
Our Lord.
New Style. Novum Testamentum—New Testament.
Nostri—Of our. Nup—Nuptials. Obiit—Died. Octava—Octave (Br.). Omnes, Omnibus—All, to all. Opere Citato—In the work cited. Oratio—Prayer (Br.).
Ordo, Ordinatio, Ordinarius—Order,
Ordination, Ordinary.
Orator, Oratorium—Petitioner, Oratory.
Old Style. Old Testament. Oxonium, Oxonienses—Oxford, Theologians or Scholars of Oxford. Pater, Pére—Father. Papa—Pope. Pater—Father. Pactum—A Agreement. Pascha—Easter (Br.). Patriarcha— Patriarch. Pentecostes—Pentecost (Br.). Philosophie Baccalaureus—Bachelor
of Philosophy.
Philosophie Doctor—Doctor of Philosophy.
Philosophia—Philosophy. Philosophie Magister—Master of
Philosophy.
Pridie Kalendas—The day before
the Calends.
Poenit. Poenitentia— Penance. Poenit. Ap. Poenitentiaria Apostolica—Office of
the Apostolic Penitentiary.
Pont. Pontifex—Pontiff, Bishop (Br.). Pont. Pontificatus—Pontificate. Pont. Max. Pontifex Maximus—Supreme Pontiff. Poss.
Possessor, Possessio—Possessor, Possession.
PP: Papa—Pope;
Pontificum—Of the
popes.
Parochus—Parish Priest (used mostly
in Ireland).
Patres Amplissimi—Cardinals. Propria Pecunia Posuit—Erected at
his own expense.
Permanens Rector—Permanent
Rector. Preefatio—Preface of the Mass (Br.). Presbyter—Priest. Prof.
Professus, Professio, Professor—
Professed, Profession, Professor.
Prop. Fid.
Propaganda Fide—Congregation of
the Propaganda, Rome.
Propr.
Proprium—Proper (Br.).
Prov.
Provisio, Provisum—Provision, Provided.
Ps:
Psalmus—Psalm.
Pub., Publ.
Publicus, Publice—Public, Publicly.
Purg. Can.
Purgatio Canonica—Canonical Disculpation.
Quadrag.
Quadragesima—Lent, also the Fortieth day before Easter (Br.).
Quinquag.
Quinquagesima—The Fiftieth
day
before Easter (Br.).
Responsorium—Responsory (Br.).
Roma.
Rescriptum—Rescript.
Rural Dean.
Requiescat—May he [or she] rest,
i. e. In peace.
Responsum—Reply.
Requiescat In Pace—May he or she
rest in peace.
Ritus—Rite, Rites.
Romanus, Romana—Roman.
Reverendus Pater, Révérend Pére—
Reverend Father.
Rerum—Of Things, Subjects, e. g.
SS. RR. Ital—Writers on Italian
(historical) subjects.
Regesta.
Right Reverend.
Ruber—Red (Br.).
Rubrica—Rubric.
S., Sacr.
Sacrum—Sacred.
Sab., Sabb.
Sabbatum—Sabbath, Saturday.
See.
Szeculum—Century.
Salus, Salutis—Salvation, of Salvation.
Salmanticenses—Theologians of Salamanca.
Sacra Congregatio—Sacred Congregation.
Sacra Congregatio Concilii—Sacred
Congregation of the Council, i. e.
of Trent.
Sacra Congregatio Episcoporum et
Regularium—Sacred Congregation
of Bishops and Regulars.
Sacra Congregatio Indicis—Sacred
Congregation of the Index.
Sacra Congregatio de Propaganda
Fide—Sacred Congregation for the
Propagation of the Faith.
Sanctus—Saint.
sine data—undated book.
Servus Dei—Servant of God.
Semiduplex—Semi double feast (Br.).
Septuag.
Septuagesima, seventieth day (always a Sunday) before Easter
(Br.).
Sexag. Sexagesima, sixtieth day before >
Easter (Br.).
Sig:
Sigillum—Seal.
Simpl.
Simplex—Simple feast (Br.).
Sine Com.
Sine Commemoratione— Without
commemoration of other feast, or
feasts (Br.).
ERIE sine loco—without indication of
place of printing.
sol. md. sine loco nee data—without indication of place or date of printing. S. M.
Sancte Memorie—Of Holy Memory.
Soc.
Socius Socii—Companion, Companions (Br.). Sanctum Officium—Congregation of
the Holy Office (Inquisition).
Sanctissime Pater—Most Holy
Father.
Sanctus Petrus—St. Peter. Summus Pontifex—Supreme Pontiff,
Pope.
Sacrum Palatium Apostolicum—
Sacred Apostolic Palace, Vatican,
Quirinal.
Sister. Sacra Rituum Congregatio—Sacred
Congregation of Rites. Sancta Romana Ecclesia, Sancte
Romane Ecclesia—Most Holy
Roman Church; or, of the Most
Holy Roman Church.
Scriptores— Writers. Sanctissimus Dominus Noster—Our
Most Holy Lord (Jesus Christ),
also a title of the Pope.
Sanctus, Sancti—Saint, Saints. Sacre Theologie Baccalaureus—
Bachelor of Sacred Theology.
Sacre Theologie Doctor—Doctor of
Sacred Theology.
Sacre Theologize Licentiatus—Licentiate of Sacred Theology.
Suffragia—Suffrages (Br.); prayers
of the saints.
Sanctitas Vestra—Your Holiness. Synodus—Synod. Tempus, Tempore—Time, in time.
Testes, Testimonium— Witnesses,
Testimony.
Theologia—Theology.
Titulus, Tituli—Title, Titles.
Ultimo—Last (day, month, year).
Usque—aAs far as. Ux
Uxor—Wife. Wo Ven., VV.
Venerabilis,
Venerabiles—Venerable.
V., Vest.
Vester— Your. Vac.
Vacat, Vacans—Vacant. Val.
Valor— Value. Vat.
Vaticanus— Vatican. Vba.
Verba— Words. ae !
Versiculus—Versicle (Br.). Vesp.
Vespere— Vespers (Br.). V.F., Vic. For.
Vicarius Foraneus—Vicar-Forane. Wee
Vicarius Generalis—Vicar-General. Vid.
Vidua—Widow (Br.). Vid., Videl. Videlicet—Namely.
Vigilia—Vigil of a feast (Br.).
Violaceus— Violet (Br.).
Virgo—Virgin (Br.).
Viridis—Green (Br.). Vir Magnificus—Great Man.
Very Reverend. oT Vetus Testamentum. KC Ns,
Christus—Christ (first, middle, and
last letters of the Greek name).
ABBREVIATIONS IN CATACOMB INSCRIPTIONS. A. D. Ante Diem—e. g. in the phrase, “ Ante
Diem VI [or Sextum] Kal. Apriles,”
is equivalent to the sixth day before the Calends of April, counting
both the Calends and the day intended to be indicated; or Anima
Dulcis—Sweet Soul.
INO) UO? Anima Quiescat In Christo—May
his [or her] Soul Repose in Christ. B Mole Bene Merenti—To the Welldeserving. Bonze Memorise—Of Happy Memory. Bone Feminzee—To the Good Woman Bibas [for Vivas] In Christo—Mayest thou Live In Christ.
Bene Merenti Fecit—He erected this
to the Well-Deserving.
Bene Quiescat—May he [or she]
Rest Well.
Consul. Consules—Consuls. Clarissima Femina—Most Illustrious
Woman.
Clarissimus
Vir—Most Illustrious
Man.
Conjugi Optimo—To my Excellent
Husband.
Cum Omnibus Bonis Quiescat—
May he [or she] Repose With All
Good souls.
Conjugi—To my Husband [or Wife]. Consul. Consules—Consuls. Clarissima Puella—Most Illustrious
Maiden.
D Depositus—Laid to rest; or Dulcis—
Dear One.
Dedit, Dedicavit—Gave, Dedicated. Depositus—Laid to rest.
Dormit In Pace—Sleeps in Peace. Diis Manibus—To the Manes [of]. Diis Manibus Sacrum—Sacred to the
Manes [of]. Domino Nostro—To Our Lord. - A Dominis Nostris—To Our Lords. neha Ex Voto—In Fulfilment of a Vow. TM.
Ex Testamento—In accordance with
the Testament of. E VIV. DISC. EVivis Discessit—Departed from
Life.
Fecit—Did; or Filius—Son; or Felicia eure eden!
HO
Fieri Curavit : Pies foci t —Caused to be Made. { Fratres—Brothers. Filii—Sons. Fossor—Digger. { Haeres—Heir. . Hic—Here. Hoe Loco Situs—Laid [or Put] in
This Place.
Hoc Monumentum Fieri Fecit—
Caused This Monument to be
Made.
Hie Situs—Laid Here. Idibus—On the Ides. Indictione—In the Indiction [a
chronological term].
Jus Liberorum Habens—Possessing
the Right of Children [i. e. eligibility to public office under age].
In Bono—In Good [odour]. Same as IDNE. In Pace—In Peace. In Christo—In Christ. KKalendas—Calends; or Care, Carus,
Cara—Dear One; or Carissimus
(-a)—Dearest.
Karissimo Bene Merenti—To the
Most Dear and Well-deserving.
Locus—Place. Locus Monumenti—Place of the
Monument.
Locus Selpuchri—Place of the Sepulchre. Martyr, or Memoria—Memory; or
Monumentum—Monument. MM.
Ts. Wi 1a Monumentum Posuit—Erected a
Monument.
MRT. Merenti—To the Deserving. N. Nonas—Nones; or Numero—Number.
NN. Nostris—To Our [with a plural]; or
Numeri—Numbers.
O Hora—Hour; Obiit—Died. OB In Christo—Died In Christ. ae XTO. Omnes—All. Optimus—Excellent, or Supremely
Good.
Pax—Peace; or Pius—Dutiful; or
Ponendum—To be Placed; or
Pridie—The Day Before; or Plus
—More.
Poni Curavit—Caused to be Placed. Post Consulatum—After the Consulate.
Poni Jussit—Ordered to be Placed. Plus Minus—More or Less; or Pie
Memoriae—Of Pious Memory; or
Post Mortem—After Death.
Prepositus—Placed over. Pridie Kalendas—The Day Before
the Calends.
Presbyter—Priest. a-0.9 Pridie Nonas—The Day Before the
Nones.
Pax Tibi Cum Sanctis—Peace to
Thee With the Saints.
Pie Zeses—(Gr.) Mayest thou Live
Piously.
Quiescit—He Rests. Qui Bixit [for Vixit] Annos—Who
lived years.
Quiescat In Pace—May he [or she]
Rest in Peace.
Clo Nee. celeure
Qui Vixit—Who Lived.
Requiescit—He Rests; or Refrigerio
—In [a place wae Refreshment.
Regionis—Of the Region. Suus—His; or Situs—Placed; or
Sepulchrum—Sepulchre.
Sancte Memorie—Of Holy Memory. Sedit—He sat.
OR ISISE Ute
Subscripta—Subscribed.
Spiritus In Deo—Spirit [rests] in
God.
Sepultus—Buried; or Sepulchrum—
Sepulchre.
Sanctorum—Of the Saints. Sacra Virgo—Holy Virgin. Titulus, Tituli—Title, Titles. Testamentum—Testament. Vixit—He Lived; or Vixisti—Thou
didst—Live.
Vir Bonus—A Good Man. Vir Clarissimus—A Most Illustrious
Man.
Viri Clarissimi—Most Illustrious Men. Vir Honestus—A Worthy Man.
Vivas, Care [or Cara}—Mayest thou
Live, Dear One; or Uxor Carissima—Most Dear Wife.
O x XPC. Christus.
OetaM:
O
.M. ABBREVIATIONS OF TITLES OF THE PRINCIPAL RELIGIous ORDERS AND CONGREGATIONS OF PRIESTS. TXT Augustiniani Assumptionis—Assumptionists. :
A. B. A. Antoniani Benedictini Armeni—
Mechitarists. Congregatio Jesu et Mariae—Eudist
Fathers.
Congregatio Missionis—Lazarists. Congregatio Mariae—Fathers of the
Company of Mary.
Congregatio Passionis—Passionists. Congregatio Pretiosissimi Sanguinis
—Fathers of the Most Precious
Blood.
Congregatio Resurrectionis—Resurrectionist Fathers.
Clerici Regulares Congregationis
Somaschae—Somaschi Fathers.
Canonici Regulares Immaculate Conecptionis—Canons Regular of the
Immaculate Conception.
Canonici Regulares Lateranenses—
Canons Regular of the Lateran. Clerici Regulares Minores—Clerks
Regular Minor, Mariani.
Clerici Regulares Matris Dei—Clerks
Regular of the Mother of God. Clerici Regulares Ministrantes Infirmis—Clerks Regular Attendant
on the Sick, Camillini, Camilliani. Congregatio Reformatorum Praemonstratensium—Premonstratensians. MM tw Clerici Regulares Sancti Pauli—
Barnabites. Clerici Regulares Pauperum Matris
Dei Scholarum Piarum—Clerks
Regular of the Poor Men of the
Mother of God for Pious Schools,
Piarists.
Clerici Regulares Theatini—Theatines.
Congregatio Sancti Basilii—Basilians. Congregatio Sanctae Crucis—Fathers
and Brothers of the Holy Cross. Congregatio Sancti Pauli—Paulists. Congregatio Sancti Spiritus—Fathers
of the Holy Ghost.
Clerici Sancti Viatoris—Clerks, or
Clerics, of St. Viateur.
Congregatio Sacratissimorum Cordium—Missionaries of the Sacred
Hearts of Jesus and Mary.
Congregatio Sanctissimi Redemptoris—Redemptorists.
Inst. Char. Institutum Charitatis—Rosminians. Missionaries of La Salette (France). Missionarii Sancti Caroli—Missionaries of St. Charles.
Missionarii Sacratissimi Cordis—
Missionaries of the Most Sacred
Heart. Ordo Charitatis—Fathers of the
Order of Charity.
Ordo Camaldulensium—Camaldolese. Ordo Cartusiensis—Carthusians.
Ordo Cisterciensium—Cistercians. Ordo Carmelitarum Calceatorum—
Carmelites.
Ordo Carmelitarum Discalceatorum
—Discalced, or Barefoot, Carmelites.
Ordo Reformatorum Cisterciensium
—Cistercians, Trappists.
Ordo Fratrum Minorum—Observant
Franciscans.
Ordo (Fratrum) Minimorum—Minims of St. Francis of Paul. O. Merced. Ordo Beatae Marie Virginis de
Redemptione Captivorum—Mercedarians, Nolaschi.
Ordo Minorum Conventualium—
Conventual Franciscans. O.M. Cap. Ordo Minorum Cappucinorum—CaOn MAG j puchins. ; O. M. I Oblati Maris Immaculate—Oblate
Fathers of Mary Immaculate.
©. 2: P| O. Pr. Ordo Praedicatorum—Dominicans. Ord. Fratr. Praed. Ord. Proem.
Ordo Praemonstratensium—Premon stratensians, Norbertines.
Oms:
Ordo (Eremitarum) Sancti Augustini
—Augustinians.
Ordo Sancti Benedicti—Benedic tines.
Oblati Sancti Caroli—Oblate Fathers
of St. Charles.
Ordinis Sancti Francisci Capuccini—
—Franciscan Capuchins.
5. Oblati Sancti Francisci Salesii—
Oblate Fathers of St. Francis of
Sales. J ;
Ordo (Eremitarum) Sancti Hieronymi—Hieronymites.
Ordo Servorum Mariae—Servites.
Oblati Sacratissimi Cordis—Oblate
Fathers of the Sacred Heart.
Ordo Sanctissimae Trinitatis—Trinitarians. ;
Prétres de l Oratoire,
Oratorii—Oratorians.
Pia Societas Missionum—Fathers of
the Pious Society of Missions,
Pallottini.
Presbyteri Sancti Sulpicii, Prétres
de S. Sulpice—Sulpicians.
Salesianorum Congregatio (Congregation of St. Francis of Sales)—
Salesian Fathers.
Societas Divini Salvatoris—Society
of the Divine Saviour.
Societas Divini Verbi—Fathers of
the Divine Word.
S.J. Societas Jesu—Jesuits. M. Societas Mariae—Marists. P Societas Patrum Misericordia—
Fathers of Mercy.
Societas Sanctissimi Sacramenti—
Fathers of the Blessed Sacrament.
Most manuals of paleography (Greek and Latin) contain lists of Abbreviations (ancient and medieval), some of which are yet of ecclesiastical interest, while others have long since become obsolete or rare, and concern only the reader of manuscripts. Some manuals of diplomatics, likewise, have useful lists of pontifical chancery Abbreviations, e. g. QUANTIN, Dict. de diplomatique chrétienne (Paris, 1846), 26-42, and Prou (Paris, 1902). In the latter work may be seen the original script-forms of these Abbreviations. Facsimiles of abbreviated pontifical documents may be seen, e. g. in DENIFLE, Specimina Palaeographica ab Innoc. III ad Urban. V. (Rome, 1888). The Abbreviations in Greek manuscripts were first scientifically studied by the Benedictine MONTFAUCON, in his famous Palaeographica Greca (Paris, 1708); see the Introductions to Greek Paleography of GARDTHAUSEN and WATTENBACH.—The little work, Modus legendi in jure tam civili quam pontificio occurrentes (Venice, 1596), is one of the earliest attempts at a dictionary of medieval abbreviations, A very useful work for all Latin abbreviations is that of CAPELLI, Dizionario delle abbreviature latine ed italiane (Milan, 1900); it is written mostly in Latin and describes all the abbreviations ordinarily used Latin and Italian documents, civil or ecclesiastical Other valuable works dealing specifically with abbreviations in pontifical documents are DE LA Brana, Signos y Abreviaturas que se usan en los documentos pontificios (Leon, 1884); RODENBERG, Epistolae sec. XIII e regestis RR.PP. selecte (Berlin, 1883), I, 323.—For an extensive list of the abbreviations in the epitaphs of the Catacombs see Kraus, Real-Encycl. der christl. Alterth. (Freiburg, 1886), I, 47-51, The chapters on abbreviations of medieval manuscripts in the paleographical manuals of DE Walttty (Paris, 1843), CHassant (Paris, 1885), PAOLI (Florence, 1891), Reusens (Louvain, 1899), CARINI (Rome, 1889), and THompson (London, 1903) are recommended, also the excellent Lateinische Paläographie of STEFFENS (Freiburg, Switzerland, 1903, 3, vols. fol. with many plates). See Barranpigr, Abbréviations, in Ann. Pont. Cath. (Paris 1900), 527-538,
Thomas J. Shahan.